How To Change Head Cylinder

Changing a cylinder head is a complex task that requires careful planning and execution. Below is a detailed guide to help you through the process.

Before you begin, ensure you have the following tools and materials ready:

• Spanner set
• Socket set
• Screwdriver set
• Breaker bar
• Pry bar
• Torque wrench
• Rags
• Engine oil
• New cylinder head gasket
• Aluminum paint (if required by your vehicle’s manufacturer)
• Fluid collection pan

Additionally, consult your vehicle’s service manual for specific instructions related to your make and model.

How To Change Head Cylinder: Preparation and Safety Precautions

Before beginning, ensure the engine is cool. This prevents injury and makes cleaning easier. Start by applying a non-paint-damaging cleaner, like Gunk, to break down grease and grime without harming the paint. After applying the cleaner, rinse the engine thoroughly. This step helps keep dirt and debris out of the engine during disassembly, maintaining a cleaner workspace and reducing the risk of engine contamination.

Draining Fluids

1. Drain the coolant from the engine to avoid spills when removing the Cylinder Head.
2. After removing the head, consider draining the engine oil. This step can help flush out any small gasket pieces or grit that may have been loosened during the process, keeping the engine oil system clean.

Disconnecting External Components

Disconnect the cooling hoses – Detach the hoses connected to the front and back of the cylinder head.

Disconnect the accelerator linkage – Unhook the accelerator linkage from the cylinder head.

Remove electrical connections – Disconnect any wires or sensors connected to the cylinder head, such as temperature or oil pressure sensors.

Undo exhaust manifold bolts – Remove the bolts that secure the exhaust manifold to the cylinder head.

Remove the distributor – If your engine has a distributor, remove it before continuing.

Removing Intake and Exhaust Components

Remove spark plugs and ignition coils:

• Lift any covers blocking access to the spark plugs.
• Use the correct socket, like a T40, to remove bolts or screws.

Disconnect the fuel injector harness:

• Unplug the wiring from the fuel injectors to safely disconnect them.

Remove the exhaust thermocouple and sensors:

• Detach the exhaust thermocouple and any other sensors connected to the cylinder head for removal or replacement.

Removing the Cylinder Head Bolts and Head

1. Loosen Cylinder Head Bolts – Gradually and evenly loosen the bolts on the cylinder head. Use a diagonal pattern, starting from the outer bolts and moving inward to prevent head warping. If any bolts are stuck, gently tap the head with a rubber mallet to free them.
2. Remove Bolts and Lift the Head – Once the bolts are loose, take them out completely. Carefully lift the cylinder head off the engine.
3. Disconnect Timing Components – For engines with a timing belt or chain, release the tensioner first. Remove the belt or chain before lifting the head to avoid damaging timing parts.

Rotating the Engine and Aligning Marks

To rotate the engine to the top dead center (TDC) for the #1 cylinder, follow these steps:

Ensure Safety: Disconnect the battery before starting to prevent accidental engine starts while working.

Remove Components as Needed: You may need to remove parts like the timing cover or accessory belts to access the Crankshaft pulley or Camshaft.

Locate the Crankshaft Pulley or Timing Marks: Look for TDC marks on the crankshaft pulley or timing Gear. These are usually notched or labeled with a “0” or “TDC.”

Rotate the Crankshaft: Use a socket and breaker bar (or a ratchet) on the crankshaft bolt to rotate the crankshaft clockwise. Rotate slowly to avoid damaging any components.

Align the TDC Marks: Continue rotating the crankshaft and watch for the timing marks on the pulley and crankshaft. Stop when the TDC mark lines up with the indicator, which is often a pointer on the timing cover or engine block.

Verify the Position: Double-check that the piston in the #1 cylinder is at the highest point (top dead center). If there are camshaft timing marks, make sure they align correctly to position the valves properly.

Proceed with Removal: With the engine at TDC, you can remove any parts necessary for your repair or maintenance.

This step ensures you’re in the correct position to avoid timing issues during reinstallation.

Partial and Complete Disassembly of the Head

To partially or fully disassemble the cylinder head, follow these steps based on your engine’s valve train type:

Partial Disassembly of the Head:

• Pushrod Engine: Remove the rocker arms and pushrods. Loosen the bolts or nuts holding the rocker’s arms, then lift the assembly off the head.
• Single Overhead Cam (SOHC): Remove the camshaft. This may require loosening the timing belt or chain tensioner and then sliding the camshaft out carefully. Next, remove the rocker arms if they are present.
• Double Overhead Cam (DOHC): Remove both camshafts. Loosen the camshaft caps in the recommended order (usually provided by the manufacturer) and lift each camshaft gently to avoid damage.

Complete Disassembly of the Head:

• Use a valve spring compressor to compress each valve spring and release it. Carefully remove the valve keepers, springs, and retainers.
• After removing the springs and valves, inspect and, if needed, remove additional components like valve seals, guides, and shims.

Machine Shop Procedures

In a typical machine shop, these steps are generally followed to work on a cylinder head:

1. Remove Remaining Components: Remove any parts still attached to the head for thorough processing.
2. Hot-Tank the Head: Submerge the head in a heated cleaning solution to remove grease, carbon buildup, and other debris.
3. Inspect for Cracks and Straightness: Check the head for cracks and measure its straightness to ensure it seals correctly. Warped heads may need additional attention.
4. Resurface the Head: Machine the head to eliminate corrosion and minor warping, creating a fresh, even surface essential for proper sealing with the head gasket.
5. Resurface the Metal Upper Timing Cover: If the vehicle has an integrated metal upper timing cover, resurface this part as needed.
6. Replace Worn Valve Guides: Replace worn valve guides if needed to maintain proper valve alignment and prevent oil leaks.
7. Perform a Valve Job: Cut fresh surfaces on the valves and seats to ensure a good seal, critical for optimal compression and engine performance.

These procedures restore the head’s functionality, improve sealing, and prepare it for reliable performance upon reassembly.


Reattaching the Head

Follow Head Gasket Instructions: Always follow the instructions that come with the new gasket. Different engines may need different procedures.

Three-Stage Torque Procedure:

• Cold Torque: First, tighten the cylinder head bolts to the specified torque when the engine is cold.
• Cold Angle-Torque: After the cold torque is set, add a specific angle to each bolt to achieve the correct clamping force.
• Run-in Time: Run the engine for a specified time and then check the torque again. This helps the gasket settle in place.
• Hot Angle-Torque: After the engine warms up, perform another torque check to adjust for thermal expansion and ensure the gasket is sealed properly.

Reconnect Electrical and Fuel Components: Reconnect the wiring, fuel injector connections, and any other electrical or mechanical parts removed during gasket replacement.

Reattach Manifolds and Other Components: Reattach the intake manifold, exhaust manifold, and any other parts. Make sure they are tightened properly.

Final Torque: Once everything is reassembled, tighten the cylinder head bolts to the final torque, considering the required angle rotation for each bolt.

Always double-check the torque settings with a torque wrench and follow the torque-angle sequences in the engine’s service manual.

Final Checks and Reassembly

1. Reinstall Components: Reinstall the distributor, spark plugs, and ignition coils in their original places. Ensure each part is properly seated.
2. Reconnect Electrical Connections: Reattach the battery terminals and all previously disconnected electrical connections.
3. Replace Brackets and Shields: Secure any brackets, shields, or covers that were removed. Ensure everything is aligned correctly.
4. Final Inspection: Check all connections, bolts, and components to confirm they are tightly secured before starting the engine.

Following these steps will help ensure a smooth startup and correct setup. Always remember that safety is paramount; if you’re unsure at any stage, consider consulting a professional mechanic.

Volgen Power offers a range of high-quality cylinder heads and gaskets for diesel engines. Explore our Ford cylinder head replacement parts and engine gasket kits for reliable, durable solutions that fit your needs.

User Benefits: Long-Term Maintenance Tips and Cost-Saving Measures

Long-Term Maintenance Tips

• Regular Coolant Checks: Ensuring proper coolant levels prevents overheating, a common cause of cylinder head damage.
• Routine Oil Changes: Clean oil reduces engine wear, protecting both the cylinder head and other engine components.
• Professional Inspections: An annual professional inspection can detect early signs of cylinder head issues before they escalate.

Cost-Saving Tips

• DIY Minor Repairs: Small maintenance tasks like checking coolant and oil can be handled by the car owner, reducing professional costs.
• Using High-Quality Parts: Investing in OEM or certified parts from reliable suppliers like Volgen Power can prevent frequent replacements.
• Seeking Trusted Mechanics: Choosing experienced professionals for major repairs minimizes the chance of repeated labor costs due to errors.

FAQs.

1. What are the typical costs for replacing a Ford 13L engine cylinder head?
   • Costs vary based on parts and labor. Dealerships may charge $3,000 – $6,000, while independent shops range from $2,000 – $4,500. Using quality parts from Volgen Power ensures reliability.
2. How often should a cylinder head be replaced?
   • Cylinder heads generally don’t require regular replacement but should be inspected if you notice symptoms like overheating, coolant loss, or oil leaks.
3. How can I ensure replacement part quality?
   • Always check for OEM certification or buy from reputable suppliers. Volgen Power provides certified parts specifically designed for Ford engines, offering longevity and performance.